CHARLES DICKENS
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LECTURE :
Mrs. AGSEORA EDIYEN M.Hum
STATE ISLAMIC INSTITUTE OF BUKITTINGGI
FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
2018M/1440H
PREFACE
Praise to God almighty for the blessing of his grace, and that we
were given the opportunity to be able to complete a working paper entitled “Charles
Dickens” is properly and correctly, and on time.
This paper is structure so that readers can know about Charles
Dickens. This paper was complied with help from various parties. Both parties
come from outside as well as from parties concerned itself. And because the aid
and help of God almighty, these papers can be finally resolved.
The compliers also thanked to Ms. Agseora as the teacher/tutors in
English subject. Who have many professors help compliers in order to complete
this paper.
Hopefully this paper can give a broader insight to the reader.
Although this paper have advantages and disadvantages. For advice and comment
please his constituents. Thank you.
Bukittinggi, 25
Sep 2018
Authors
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAPTER I
A.
Issue
Background……..…………………….…………………………
B.
Problem
formulation…………..….………….………………………..
C.
Purpose
of the paper………..…………………………………………
CHAPTER II
A.
Biography………………………….…………………………………..
B.
Charles
Dickens’s Novels……………………………………………..
C.
The Famous
Of His Novels……..……………………………………..
D.
Oliver
Twist……………………………………………………………
CHAPTER III
A.
CONCLUSION………………………………………………………..
B.
SUGGESTION…………………………………………………………
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. ISSUE BACKGROUND
Charles dickens
was a prolifice and highly influential in 19th century British author, who
penned such acclaimed works as “Oliver Twist”, “A Christmas Carol”, “David
Copperfield”,and “Great Expectation”.
Charles Dickens
(Februari 7,1812 to June 9,1870), was a British novelist, journalist, editor,
illustrator and social commentator who wrote such beloved classic novels as a
Oliver Twist, and so on. Dickens is remembered as one of the most important and
influential writers of the 19th century. Among his acomplishments, he has been
lauded for providing a stark portrait of the Victorian era underclass, helping
to bring about societal change. When Dickens died of a stroke, he left his
final novel The Myster Of Edwin Drood, unfinished
B.
PROBLEM
FORMULATION
1. Who is Charles Dickens?
2. What is biography of Charles Dickens?
3. What are the famous novels of Charles Dickens?
4. What is the point of Oliver Twist?
C.
THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
1.
To know who is Charles Dickens.
2.
To know what are the
belles-lettres of Charles Dickens.
3.
To know
what is plot, setting, point of view, and characteristic of the story of Oliver
Twist.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Biography
(dickens-info.2007) Charles Dickens (Charles John Huffam Dickens) was born in
Landport, portsmoth, on Februari 7, 1812. Charles was the
second of eight children of John Dickens (1787-1851), a clerk in the Navy Pay
Office, and his wife Elizabeth Dickens (1789-1863).
The Dickens family moved to London in 1814 and
two years letter to Chatham, Kent, were Charles spent early years of his
chilhood. Due to financial difficulties they moved back to London in 1822,
where they settled in Camden Town, a poor neighborhood of London.
The defining moment of Dickens’s life occured
when he was 12 years old. His father, who had a difficult time managing main
money and was constantly in debt, was imprissoned in the Marshalsea debtor’s
prison in 1824. Because of this, Charles was withdrawn from school and forced
to work in a warehouse that handled “blacking” or shoe polish to help support
the family. This experience left profound psycological and sociological effects
on Charles. It gave him a fisthand acquaintance with poverty and made him the
most vigorous and influential vioce of the working classes in his age.
After a few months Dickens’s father was released
from prison and Charles was allowed to go back to school. At fifteen his formal
education ended and he found employment as an office boy at an attorney’s,
while he studed shorthand at night. From 1830 he walked as a shorthand reporter
in the courts and afterwards as a parliamentary and news paper reporter.
In 1833, Dickens began to contribute short
stories and essay to periodicals. A Dinner at Popular Walk was Dickens’s first
publised story. It appeared in the Monthly Magazine in December 1833. In 1834,
still a news paper reporter, he adopted the soon to be famous pseudonym Boz.
Dickens’s first book, a collection of stories titled Sketches by Boz, was
published in 1836. In the same years he married Catherine Hogarth, daughter the
editor of the Evening Chronicle. Together they had 10 children before they
saparated in 1856.
Athough Dickens’s main proffesion was as a
novelist, he continiued his jurnalistic word until the end of his life, editing
The Daily News, Household Words, and All The year Round. His connection to
various magazines and news paper gave him the opportunity to begin publishing
his own fiction at the biginning of his career.
The Posthomous Paper of the Pickwick Club was
published in monthly part from April 1836 to November 1837. Pickwick became one
of the most popular work of the time, continiuing to be so after it was published in book form
in 1837. After the success of Pickwick Dickens embarked on a full-time career
as a novelist, producing work of increasing complecity at an incredible rate:
Oliver Twist (1837-1839), Nicolas Nickleby (1838-1839), The Old Curiosity Shop
and Barnaby Rudge as Part of the Master Humphrey’s
Clock series (1840-1841). All being publised in monthly instalments before
being made in to books.
In 1842, he traveled with his wife to the US
and Canada, which led to his contoversial American Notes (1842) and is also the
basis of some of the episodes in Martin Chuzzlewit. Dickens’s series of five
chrismas book where soon to follow: A Chrismas Carol (1843), The Chimes (1844),
The Cricket On Heart (1845), The Batle Of Life (1846), and The Haunted Man
(1848). After living briefly abroad in Italy (1844) and Switzerland (1846),
Dickens continiued at his success with Dombey and Son (1848), the largely autobiographical
David Copperfield (1849-1850), Bleak House (1852-1853), Hard Times (1854),
Litle Dorrit (1857), A Tale Of Two Cities (1859), And Great Expectations
(1861).
In 1856 his popularity had allowed him to buy
gead’s hill place and estate he had admired since chilhood. In 1856 Dickens
began a series of paid readings which became instantly popular. In all, Dickens
performed more than 400 times. In that year after along period of difficulties,
he sapared from his wife. It was also around that time the Dickens became
involved in a affair with a young actress named Ellen Ternan. The exact nature
of their relationship is unclear, but it was clearly central to Dickens
personal and profesional life.
In the closing years of his life Dickens
worsened his declining health by giving numerous readings. During his reading
in 1869 he collapset showing symptoms of mild stroke. He retreated to Gad’s
hill and began to work at Edwin Drood, which was never complited.
Charles Deckens died at home on June 9, 1870
after suffering a stroke. Contrary to his wish to be buried in Rochester
Cathedral, he was buriedin the Poets’ Corner of westminster Abbey. The
inscription on his tomb reads : “he was a sympathiser to the poor, the
suffering, and the opprossed; and by his death, one of England’s greatest
writers is lost to the world.”
B. CHARLES DICKENS’S NOVELS
He has wrote the novels and there are :
1. A christmas carol (48 pages)
2. A tale of two cities (227 pages)
3. Barnarby rudge (418 pages)
4. Bleak house (579 pages)
5. David copperfield (578 pages)
6. Dombey and son (591 pages)
7. Great expectation (298 pages)
8. Hard times (172 pages)
9. Little dorrit (560 pages)
10. Nicholas nickleby (546 pages)
11. Oliver twist (267 pages)
12. Our mutual friend (541 pages)
13. Martin chuzzlewit (556 pages)
14. The mystery of edwin drood (159 pages)
15. The old curiousity shop (361 pages)
16. The pickwick papers (520 pages)
But the famous of his novel is “Oliver Twist”
C. THE FAMOUS OF HIS NOVEL
The famous of his novel is “Oliver Twist”. Charles Dickens is known
for his novels wrotten for this public and covering the problems with concerned
the people from the working class. Oliver twist takes up the issue of
workhouses and the treatment of the poor. The main themes of oliver twist are
the failures of the organization of charity run by the church or governtment in
dickens’s time, when people could into workhouses where they were not treasted
as humans, and the same was with oliver. Other themes is the purity in a city
full of violence,evil and theft.
D. OLIVER TWIST
1.
Plot
(sparknotes,
2018) Oliver Twist is born in a workhouse in 1830s England. His mother, whose
name no one knows, is found on the street and dies just after Oliver’s birth.
Oliver spends the first nine years of his life in a badly run home for young
orphans and then is transferred to a workhouse for adults. After the other boys
bully Oliver into asking for more gruel at the end of a meal, Mr. Bumble, the
parish beadle, offers five pounds to anyone who will take the boy away from the
workhouse. Oliver narrowly escapes being apprenticed to a brutish chimney sweep
and is eventually apprenticed to a local undertaker, Mr. Sowerberry. When the
undertaker’s other apprentice, Noah Claypole, makes disparaging comments about
Oliver’s mother, Oliver attacks him and incurs the Sowerberrys’ wrath.
Desperate, Oliver runs away at dawn and travels toward London.
Outside
London, Oliver, starved and exhausted, meets Jack Dawkins, a boy his own age.
Jack offers him shelter in the London house of his benefactor, Fagin. It turns
out that Fagin is a career criminal who trains orphan boys to pick pockets for
him. After a few days of training, Oliver is sent on a pickpocketing mission
with two other boys. When he sees them swipe a handkerchief from an elderly
gentleman, Oliver is horrified and runs off. He is caught but narrowly escapes
being convicted of the theft. Mr. Brownlow, the man whose handkerchief was
stolen, takes the feverish Oliver to his home and nurses him back to health.
Mr. Brownlow is struck by Oliver’s resemblance to a portrait of a young woman
that hangs in his house. Oliver thrives in Mr. Brownlow’s home, but two young
adults in Fagin’s gang, Bill Sikes and his lover Nancy, capture Oliver and
return him to Fagin.
Fagin
sends Oliver to assist Sikes in a burglary. Oliver is shot by a servant of the
house and, after Sikes escapes, is taken in by the women who live there, Mrs.
Maylie and her beautiful adopted niece Rose. They grow fond of Oliver, and he
spends an idyllic summer with them in the countryside. But Fagin and a mysterious
man named Monks are set on recapturing Oliver. Meanwhile, it is revealed that
Oliver’s mother left behind a gold locket when she died. Monks obtains and
destroys that locket. When the Maylies come to London, Nancy meets secretly
with Rose and informs her of Fagin’s designs, but a member of Fagin’s gang
overhears the conversation. When word of Nancy’s disclosure reaches Sikes, he
brutally murders Nancy and flees London. Pursued by his guilty conscience and
an angry mob, he inadvertently hangs himself while trying to escape.
Mr.
Brownlow, with whom the Maylies have reunited Oliver, confronts Monks and
wrings the truth about Oliver’s parentage from him. It is revealed that Monks
is Oliver’s half brother. Their father, Mr. Leeford, was unhappily married to a
wealthy woman and had an affair with Oliver’s mother, Agnes Fleming. Monks has
been pursuing Oliver all along in the hopes of ensuring that his half-brother
is deprived of his share of the family inheritance. Mr. Brownlow forces Monks
to sign over Oliver’s share to Oliver. Moreover, it is discovered that Rose is
Agnes’s younger sister, hence Oliver’s aunt. Fagin is hung for his crimes.
Finally, Mr. Brownlow adopts Oliver, and they and the Maylies retire to a
blissful existence in the countryside.
2.
Setting
The major action of oliver twist moves back
and forth between two worlds : the filthy slums of london and the
clean,comfortable house of brownlow and the maylies. The first world is real
and frightening. While the other is idialized, almost dreamlike, in it’s safety
and beauty. The world of london is a world of crime. Things happen there at
night, in dark alleys and in abandoned,dark buildings. You can find examples of
this (in the book) in chapter xv, when oliver is kidnapped and then again in
chapter XXVI, when fagin meets monks. Such darkness suggests that evil
dominates this world. Dickens often uses weather conditions to aid in setting a
scene. In oliver twist, bad things happen in bad weather. In contrast to
fagin’s london, the sunlit days and fragrant flowers of the maylies cottage or
the handsome library at brownlow’s teem with goodness and health.
3.
Characterizations
a) Oliver twist- A loving, innocent orphan child,
the son of edwin leeford and agnes fleming. He is generally quiet and shy rather
than agressive. Oliver’s affectionate nature, along with his weakness and
innocence, earn him the pity and love of the good people he meets. Dicken’s
choice of oliver’s name is very revealing,because the boy’s story is full at
creating character to make oliver particularly appealing.
b) Mr. Bumble- the parish beadle, a rat man and a
choleric with a great idea of his oratorical powers and his importance. He has
a decided propensity for builying. He drived no inconsiderable pressure from
the exercise of petty cruelty and concequenltly was coward. Halfway through the
book, bumble changes. When he marries Mrs. Corney, he loses authority. She
makes all the decisions.
c) The Artful Dodger- Atalented pickpocket,
recruiter, cheat and wit. Jack dawkins,known as the artful dodger, is a
charming rogue. Fagin’s most esteemed pupil. A dirty snubnosed,
flat-browed,common-faced boy(short for his age). Dicknes makes dodger look more
appealing by describing his outrageous clothes and uninhibited manners.
d) Fagin-A master criminal, whose specialty is
fenang (selling stolen
property). He employs a gang of thieves and is always looking for new recriuts.
He is a man of considerable intelligence,though corrupted by his self interest.
His concience brothers him after he is condemned to hang. He does have a wry
sense of humor and an uncanny ability to
understand people. He’s a very old shriveled jew, whose villainous looking
repulsive face was obscured by a quantuty of matted red hair.
e) Mr. Brownlow- A generous man, concerned for
other people. A very respectable looking person with a heart large enough for
any six ordinary old gentleman of humane disposition.
f) Bill sikes- A bully, a robber and a murderer.
He is an ally of fagin. Fagin plans the chrimes and sikes carries them out.
Sike’s evil is so frightening because it is so physical. He is compares to a
beast. A stoutly built fellow with legs that always look like they are in an
unfinished and incomplete state without a set of fetters to garnish them.
g) Monks- Also known as edward leeford (son of
edwin leeford and his legal wife). Oliver’s half brother. He wants to destroy
olivers chance of inheriting their father estate. Monks is a stick vilian,
lurking in shadows and uttering curses with a sneer. He is a tall, dark
blackguard, subject to fits of cowardice and epilepsy.
h) Nancy- she is the hapless product of the
slums, the pupil of fagin, and the abused mistress of sikes. Altough she is a
prostitute and an accomplice of crooks, she has the instincts of a good person.
She is part of a few of the most memorable scenes(when she visits fagin’s den,
when she waits for bill to come home or when she meets with rose maylie and
brownlow to help save oliver). She is unitidy and free in manner, but there was
something of the woman’s original nature left in her still.
i)
Rose maylie- on the surface, rose is very different from nancy. Both were
orphans, but rose grew up secure and protected. She is compassionate to oliver,
but unlike nancy, rose is innocent of the evils of the world. Dickens makes
clear that she is a pure flower. Agnes flemings younger sister, thus oliver’s
aunt. Accepted as Mrs. Maylies niece. Later becomes her daughter in law.
j) Sally thingummy- a pauper, nurses oliver’s
mother. She steals the locket and ring that holds the key to the orphans
identity.
k) Agnes flemming- oliver’s mother, daughter of a
retired naval officer. She left home in shame and died when her illegitimate
son was born.
l)
Mr. Sowerberry- an undertaker, he accepts oliver as an apprentice mourner.
He is forced by his wife’s cruelty to abuse the boy until oliver runs away.
m) Noah claypolea- charity boy. He torments
oliver. He is employed by fagin, under the alias of bolter, and spies on nancy.
He ends up as a police informer.
n) Charley bates- he belongs to fagin’s gang. He
is so disgusted by sike’s evil ways that he gives up crime and becomes a farmer.
o) Bet- her full name is betsy. She is required
to identify nancy’s corpse.
p) Fang- A police magistrate and represents the
worst abuses of judical power. A lean long backed, stiff-necked, middle-sized
man, with no great quantity of hair.
q) Mrs. Bedwin- she is brownlow’s housekeeper.
She cares for oliver and provides his first real mothering, when brownlow
rescues him from fang.
r) Mr. Grimwig- he is brownlow’s friend. He has a
tender heart under his gruff exterior and joins the effort to secure oliver’s
inheritance after initially doubting the boy.
s) Toby crackit- a house breaker who works with
sikes.
t) Mrs.corney( later mrs. Bumble)- she runs the
workshouse where oliver was born. A greedy person, she retrieves agnes flemings
treasures from old sally and sells them to monks.
u) Dr. Losberne- the maylies’s physician. He is
part of the group that insures olivers future. He has grown fat, more from good
humor than from good living.
v) Henry(harry) maylie- he loves rose and wants
to marry her, but she refuses because she believes she is illegitimate and
therefore might hurt his chances to win elections. To win rose, henry gives ups
a political career and becomes a clergyman.
4. Point of view
(Althesia Silvia, 2010) The narrator of oliver twist tends to be
pretty hands-off. In general, we only get to see what’s going on in the heads
of a very few characters (including oliver, obviously). Particularly
with the members of fagins’s gang and the decriptions of london, dicknes backs
of and is more objective.
The effect is that these scenes seem almost
journalistic-it’s like we’re reading a news paper expose on criminals in
London, instead of a novel but every now and then, the narrator launches into a
lengthy discussion of how the plot is working, or what he’s planning on doing
in this particular chapter. Take, for instance, the famous passage from the
beginning of Book 1, Chapter Fifteen:
If it did not come strictly within the scope and bearing
of my long-considered intentions and plans regarding this prose epic [...] to
leave the two old gentlemen sitting with the watch between them long after it
grew too dark to see it [...] I might take occasion to entertain the reader
with many wise reflections on the obvious impolicy of ever attempting to do
good to our fellow-creatures where there is no hope of earhly reward [...] But,
as Mr. Brownlow was not one of these [...] I shall not enter into any such
digression in this place; and, if this be not a sufficient reason for this determination,
I have a better, and indeed, a wholly unanswerable on, already stated; which
is, that it form no part of myoriginal intention to do so. (15. 1-2)
These disgressions, or breaks in the story, remind the
reader that this is in fact a novel, and not real life (as if you needed
reminding). They serve to add to the distance between us, the readers, and the
characters in the novel was important to Dickens from an ethical, as much as
from an artistic, point of view. Many of his contemporary critics and reading public
feared that novels could be too realisti, and that native readers
(often female readers) wouldn’t be able top teel the different between fiction
and reality. Especially for a novel like Oliver Twist, which is about
“dangerous” subjects like poverty, crime, and the relationship between the two,
Dickens probably felt that it was prudent to put the occasional check on the
reader’s sympathetic identification with the characters.
CHAPTER III
A. CONCLUSION
(Wikipedia)
Charles dickens was an English writer and social critic. During his life time,
is works enjoyed unprecedented popularity. He is now considered a literary
genius because he created some of the world’s best-known fictional character
and is regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His novels and
short stories enjoy lasting popularity.
B.
SUGGESTION
This paper is
still far from the perfect word for all the suggestions and criticism that we
hope very much and we apologize for all the mistakes in making this paper.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dickens-info, 2007,classification
fiction,I great expetation, online.(http://books.google.co.id) date akses september 25, 2018
Ediyen agseora,2018.English
Module Foundation of Literature.2018,akses september 25,2018
Silvia althesia,2010,mari
membaca: [review] oliver twist by charles dickens (http://althesia blog
spot.com/2013/02 review-olive-twist-by-charles-dickens.html?m=) akses september
25,2018
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